Fat

Fat
The fat is the general names of fat and lipoid. The fat is also called the neutral fat, it is carbon, hydrogen, organic compound that oxygen three kinds of elements make up, triglyceride formed by two molecule glycerine and three molecule fatty acid. Lipoid includes phosphatide, firm alcohol, lipoprotein, glycolipid,etc.. Lipoid forms the organism and organizes more steady fat, it is relatively small to influenced by fat of food, so proceed from angle of nutrition, the neutral fat is the fat nutrient that must be often paid attention to in the meal. The fat in the food is absorbs and utilizes by the human body in the form of glycerine and fatty acid through the function of digestive tract digestive juice. Fatty acid which makes up the fat presses and contains the unsaturated key and can be divided into two kinds of forms in its chemical constitution: Saturated fatty acid and unsaturated fatty acid. Unsaturated fatty acid is divided into simple unrighted acid (including a alkene key) again With polyunsaturated fatty acid (including more than two alkene key) . The intersection of saturated fatty acid and general melting point relatively high, present solid state is large to store in in the form of lipoprotein often under room temperature, for instance animal fats such as butter, lard,etc., it will cause fat of blood raising, atherosclerosis that this kind of fat is taken in too much, such diseases as kindling coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, brain blood vessel are unexpected; Unsaturated fatty acid, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid usually melting point is relatively low, present liquid state more at room temperature and often exist in the form of oil, for instance most vegetable oil such as soya-bean oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, how of right amount of unsaturated acid take in, contribute to, lower rising the function of fat of blood and preventing relevant disease of saturated fatty acid. So in terms of nutritive value, polyunsaturated fatty acid is relatively superior to the saturated fatty acid. There is one kind that is called sour unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms, two pieces of alkene key of inferior oil especially in all kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acid, form and organize the important material of cells in the organism, participate in phosphatide and formate, relate to cholesterol transportation and supersession, once the diet is supplied insufficiently will cause normal function obstacle of the cell membrane, cholesterol normal supersession obstruct, exchange the intersection of kindling and atherosclerosis, can make meticulous afterbirth turn into, take place obstacle lead to the fact animal's sterility. Because the inferior oil is sour needed by organism physiology, have important physiological functions, and can't be formated, must offer in the body by food, so known as essential fatty acid. There are odd kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acid, for instance, the flax sour(18 carbon 3 alkene sour) , the peanut and four alkene are sour (20 carbon four alkene is sour) Also have activity of essential fatty acid, but they can be formated by the inferior oil acid. The fat is that an organism organizes the important composition composition of cells, because lipoid such as phosphatide, firm alcohol are quite stable in the body, not receiving the influence of nutritional status and organism activity, it is to exist and book the lipoprotein in China such as the cell membrane, nerve fiber. And the most important fat offered by meal is the neutral fat, its physiological function is as the heat energy nutrient of a kind of high-energy in the body, it is a source of essential fatty acid, can promote the absorption of lipid-soluble vitamin, it has full belly senses that the fatty diet can lengthen the stomach to empty time at the same time, the oil can promote meal colour, fragrance and taste in cooking, promote the appetite. The fat of meal mainly comes from animal fat, industrial crops and oil for cooking. The fat of meal should usually follow the following principle to take in: Meal fat take in total amount, stipulate heat energy that offer by fat take in the intersection of heat energy and proportion of total amount every day in our country, 20%- 25% in the adult is, children, teenagers are 25%- 30%, infant and pre-school children are about 40%. The intersection of heat and the intersection of too much often and fat, hypertension, coronary heart disease,etc. and the intersection of arteriosclerosis and disease, breast cancer,etc. that fat take in have illness coming on and have something to do with, improve the nutrition question that is worth paying attention to with the living standards of the people. Base on the premise that the appropriate fat takes in try hard to reduce the animal fat higher in saturated fatty acid content to take in, recommend taking vegetable oil as and cooking and exactly using the oil. Oil for cooking of plant such as soya-bean oil, peanut oil, sunflower seed are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid, there is much high, Vitamin E content of sour content of especially inferior oil. But vegetable oil consumption is not that the more, the better, take a photograph of the affiliation to promote oldly and feebly and exchanging rectal cancer of kindling,etc. too much, also inadvisable.

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